They are often prescribed to treat respiratory infections such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Second-generation cephalosporins have less activity against gram-positive cocci than first-generation cephalosporins but have increased activity against gram-negative bacilli.

The cephamycin subgroup has increased coverage against Bacteroides species.

Indications for cefuroxime also include Lyme disease in pregnant women and children. Within the first subgroup, cefuroxime has increased coverage against H. The cephamycin subgroup includes cefmetazole, cefotetan, and cefoxitin. Some of the second-generation subgroups include cefuroxime and cefprozil. Second-generation cephalosporins divide into two subgroups: the second-generation and the cephamycin subgroup. One of the non-FDA-approved indications is to use first-generation cephalosporins for endocarditis prophylaxis for those who are susceptible and undergoing a dental or respiratory procedure. In fact, cefazolin is the cephalosporin of choice for surgical prophylaxis. Additionally, clinicians can use them for bone, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, biliary tract, bloodstream infection, otitis media, and surgical prophylaxis. Oral first-generation cephalosporins are commonly prescribed to use against uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections such as cellulitis and abscesses commonly due to a S taphylococci spp. Gram-negative bacteria that are more susceptible to first-generation cephalosporins are Proteus mirabilis, E. First-generation cephalosporins have active coverage against most gram-positive cocci, such as staphylococci spp. and streptococci spp., while having minimal coverage against gram-negative bacteria. Fifth-generation cephalosporins have coverage against methicillin-resistant staphylococci and penicillin-resistant pneumococci.įirst-generation cephalosporins include cefazolin, cephalothin, cephapirin, cephradine, cefadroxil, and cephalexin. Fourth-generation cephalosporins have similar coverage as third-generation cephalosporins but with additional coverage against gram-negative bacteria with antimicrobial resistance, e.g., beta-lactamase. Third-generation cephalosporins have less coverage against most gram-positive organisms but have increased coverage against Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria spp., and H. influenzae), Moraxella catarrhalis, and Bacteroides spp. Second-generation cephalosporins have coverage against Haemophilus influenzae (H. coli), Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. First-generation cephalosporins have coverage against most gram-positive cocci as well as some gram-negative bacteria, e.g., Escherichia coli (E. Cephalosporins are antimicrobials grouped into five generations based on their spectrum of coverage against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and their temporal discovery.

Does keflex cover gram negative rods